BRIEF

For this advanced project my aim is to create a main product being the trailer alongside the ancillary texts which is the film magazine and poster. Before I can get to this stage a lot of planning and narrative study has to be taken place. In class we studied about the narrative codes giving us ideas on how to form our trailer. Through this knowledge we are able to gather up ideas and write a synopsis of the storyline. We have given out questions to our target market to find out what they want from the film, whether they can afford it and special features that needs to be added. We are in the process of creating call sheets, storyboards and edited it into a trailer with music to calculate the pace, time and angle shots. For the magazine and poster I will creat templates to give me ideas on the colour scheme and positioning. All the planning of the trailer, magazine and poster is to allow me to keep focused on my task and produce a product in which I know my target audience will appreciate.

A Kiss Of Death Trailer

POSTER AND MAGAZINE

audience profile

Audience profile

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QUANTITATIVE DATA

Quantitative data

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REPORT ON SLASHER FILMS

Why do we watch horror films? We watch horror films as they fulfil a purpose in our society by reinforcing the rules and restrictions and also telling tales of those who contravene.  Thrill and the adrenaline rush is what the audience seek in horror books, tales and films. As the years have gone by what has been considered as frightening has differed. In 1940 the part-man, part-wolf was considered as terrifying for that set of audience. But now we may look at this so called “bogey man” and see him as a mythical beast. A famous quote by Stephan King, “if movies are the dreams of the mass culture… horror movies are the nightmares”.  This suggests, even though the audience themselves would not consider to be in startling situations such as the characters in horror films, the audience would still have the audacity to sit and watch someone else go through it although the outcome is that the audience themselves would sometimes experience paranoia. Moreover Johnny Sullivan who has worked on multiple horror projects has been writing features since 2002 and this year he is looking to find out why people love horror films. He says ‘I think there are two audiences. Audience #1 is the casual, older moviegoer that doesn’t realize that the movie is a cheap, most-likely-not-particularly-good direct-to-DVD flick. The cover looks good. There’s some recognizable ‘stars’ above the title. I call this the ‘My Parents’ audience. Audience # 2 is made up of genuine horror fans. Die-hard horror fans who know full well that the flick is probably crap, but, hey, it’s a horror movie! They gotta see it! It’s not like they’re going to get to see a ‘Christian Slater fights a giant crab’ movie in a theater! Also, teenage girls. And maybe hipsters trying to be ‘ironic’ by spending money on something named ‘Piranhaconda’.

Horror/ Slasher films are usually made with a low budget as the producers receive low funding from a major studio or private investor. The reason being as there is a lack of audience, or the film maker is young and new to film making.

Films are categorised at their very existence from screen write, to your local store, to how their impact on cultural history is assessed. Companies such as Netflix or LoveFilm rely on genre categories in order for their consumers to take their pick, this is very important for marketing of movies.

The most important and straightforward approach to analysing film genre is descriptive; this involves looking at a film and placing it in the category of which it genuinely belongs in. The film is alleged to have common aspects in which it shares such as structure, theme, or visual style. Moreover other films in this category is analysed reasonably allowing an portion of genre paradigms, or recognisable elements such as costume, location, character, archetypes, shot transitions, or plot content. The descriptive approach involves putting a numerous number of films into small groups challenging this kind of stiff categorization. If two films are similar and placed in the same genre, the audience are likely to reject it as it is unoriginal.

The second approach to genre is functional as the film is perceived as “Collective expressions of contemporary life that strike a particularly resonant chord with audiences”, (Experience and meaning in Genre Films BK, Film Genre Reader 1986). The repetition that occurs in genre films are questions we ought to ask ourselves such as: what is frightening, or what possibilities do we fear? (Horror films), what is criminal? (Gangster films), what is morality? (Melodramas), what is acceptance? (Romantic comedies), what is alien? And what is future (science fiction).

Through genre hegemonic values are either reinforced or shift to the side as genre films are a product of their socio-historic context. This is seen in slasher films when the final girl is mainly obedient, virginal, studious, quiet, timid, serious and not impulsive, plain and sensible. This character sticks a chord in our society as she fits in with the Dominant Ideology of Western (capitalist) Christian Patriarchy. This is when the western society has permitted a capitalist ideology where mainly white middle class male are usually seen as authority in top businesses, churches and politics. In addition the societies we live in perceive that the more money and materialistic things an individual may own this must mean they are powerful and in some extend these people are respected. However this cannot be avoided as this ideology is all around us. Furthermore we are a subject to hegemony through oppression via consent even though we do not necessary agree with. In slasher films, as the final girl is obedient this portrays a message to the viewers that women and girls should be obedient to the male dominant society. This ideology is represented in the film Halloween as Lorrie is everything a final girl should be, and also she is masculine so the male audience can identify with her. In my own slasher synopsis codes and conventions were broken as the female is the subject to the killing rather than the victim. The reason for this is to show the audience that female also have the ability and strength to achieve the same skills men can.

Furthermore there are different types of genres being subgenre and genre hybirds. Telling a similar story within the same set of genre paradigm can become boring as there are really only limited number of plots anyway. A subgenre can be successful when it successfully crosses traditional genre boundaries and which pushes genre paradigms in response to external socio-historic factors. This is evident as the current uproar of global warming has allowed filmmakers to create films about recession, from Sam Raimi’s- Drag me to Hell (horror), to Michael Moore’s Capitalism: A Love Story (documentary). In addition genres need to be unsolidified, have a sense of flow, and consistently sprouting set of paradigms otherwise cinema would deteriorate and people will begin to lose interest in the films. Even though there are mainly just seven plots, the film makers need to present those plots to the audience in fresh genre arrangements. As Horror films are one of the most favoured genres, film makers will therefore add in a set of horror paradigms to create interest for the audience before adding other genres in the mix. This is known as the genre hybrid: Horror Romance (e.g. Twilight), Horror war (e.g. R-Point, Dead Shaw), Horror Historical Drama (e.g. Pride and Prejudice and Zombies) and Horror ROMCOM (e.g. Shawn of the dead).

Narrative in genre films is the way of organising and arranging events in time. There are several theories we could look at that demonstrates this. Tvzetan Todorov suggests narrative is simply equilibrium, disequilibrium and new equilibrium which simply suggests in every narrative there is a beginning and an ending to a film although it does not necessary have to be in that particular order. Vladimir Propp was a Russian critic who examined 100 of folk tales and found out the similarities in all of them they each consisted of eight basic characters and thirty-one character roles. The eight character roles are: 1- the villain(s), 2- the hero, 3- the donor- who provides an object with some magic property, 4- the helper who aides the hero, 5- the princess- she becomes a reward for the hero and she’s the object of the villain’s schemes. 6- her father- who awards the hero, 7- the dispatcher who sends the hero on his way and last but not least, 8- the false hero. These character roles can be applied to all sorts of narrative in the media such as the news on the television we often witness the ‘hero’ and the ‘villain’. Finally Claude Levi-Strauss brings forward the constant creation of conflict/ opposition propels narrative. Claude focused and looked at narrative structure on binary opposites. A great example of this is through science fictions. This is evident: Earth- space, good- bad, humans- aliens, past- present, normal- strange, known-unknown. Moreover there are also Binary opposites in slasher/ horror films as this genre can be interpreted as social themes. Some of these binary opposites are good Vs evil, male Vs female, group Vs evil, virginal Vs sexually repressed, dream Vs reality. The reality is to stay awake as the monster is very sexually aggressive whilst the heroine is virginal. On the contrary because my slasher synopsis has broken some of the codes and conventions, some of the binary opposition will have also changed. Some of the binary opposites are female Vs male (instead of having a male sexually aggressive we have a woman. This shows women can also be as dangerous as men in any part of society), light Vs darkness (most of the crime is done darkness rather than broad day light).

In conclusion, slasher film does serve a massive purpose for our society whether being positive or negative through hegemonic values. Although they are made with low budget, there is still a target market for the film makers. Some people notice the cheesiness and low quality of some of the horror films but they still indulge in it, and some just like to watch horror for the excitement of feeling frightened but at the same time knowing you are much safer at that time then the characters in that specific film. Producers need genre films as that’s the way the audience can identify with the film they are watching even though at times the outcome may become obvious. To obtain the films from becoming tedious film makers use genre hybrid to bring an unexpected but original and recognisable film to the audience.

LOOKING AT RATINGS OF FILMS ----------- for close reading please click on the image

Slasher films rating

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SYNOPSIS ANALYSIS

The genre of the film that my group and I are creating is Horror/Slasher.  We understand the codes and conventions to produce an incredible slasher film that will automatically attract the main audience and other genre fans; including the tabloids. Slasher films usually have a set of characters that has a particular role, for instance, the final girl who survives the attack from the monster. The final girl is amongst a group of friends who all get killed one by one. The final girl is usually a virgin with brown hair, masculine and nerdy. In some film such as the first Halloween the final girl is seen walking down a windy suburban area hugging her books close to her chest.  This represents the ideology in which describes a good teenager and sends out a message that young people should cherish their virginity and concentrate on their studies. On the contrary the promiscuous blond girl ends up being killed first. She is usually blond and not too keen on school but rather into boys and party. She represents the danger of sleeping around with men and by killing her off first illustrates her getting punished for having sex with all those men. The monster is usually a male, with a mask to hide his identity and has some sort of supernatural power for example in Halloween, the monster never dies. The monster represents a penis, robbing the final girl of her virginity as he is trying to kill the final girl; she escapes for he is dangerous and capable of damaging her life if not even robbing her life away from her. In addition thorough out life there is usually a responsible adult warning the youths of the danger of certain decisions. In slasher films this is illustrated through the character known as the benefactor. He is an older person who gives advice to the victims warning them of the monster and providing them with advice that will prevent them from getting killed. Although he does not have a major role in changing the plot and situation in the film, he however provides the audience with suspense and builds tension. Vladimir Propp was a Russian critic who studied 100 folk’s tales and analysed any similarities in structure. His book “Momrphology of the Folk Tale” was first published in 1928. Inside the book you will be able to identify 8 character roles and 31 narrative functions. The 8 character roles are: The villain(s), the hero, the donor, the helper who aids the hero, the princess, her father, the dispatcher and the false hero. Moreover the benefactor fits in the role of “the helper who aids the hero”. Furthermore the ineffective characters being a policeman for example in Halloween does not affect any of the storyline as they are normally clueless in the matter, which in turn raises more tension for the audience and gives them a sense of helplessness as there is no higher authority to help the victims as there is an absence of parental figure as parents are supposed to be around to protect their vulnerable children.

Breaking these codes and conventions that have been set for so long is what attracts the horror film fans as it can be difficult. It is also exciting as we are bringing a new face to horror films and making it so unpredictable. This could be an advantage as the film will have a different twist to it. However this could also lose viewers as it is contrary to what they are used to.

In our synopsis a  lot of codes and conventions have been broken, not to change the message of keeping ones virginity safe, but rather to go deep into that and allow people to realise the importance and meaning of sex and responsibility that involves. Instead of having a disfigured monster that represents a penis and is automatically dangerous by the first appearance, we decided to challenge people’s perception and break that convention by replacing him with a mentally disturbed and twisted young lady with a pretty face; however she murders the men in her life as revenge of her dark past. This decision is supported by the Femme Fatale is a woman who is extremely beautiful with a provocative body, powerful, mysterious and quite dangerous especially for men. Example of a femme fatale is the bride of Dracula. This ideology has a social historic context as after the Second World War when men came back from war and to find their jobs had been taken by women who later found out they were capable of doing what the men could, so they began to demand more. The face of Hollywood changed and their films became darker and pessimistic as some directors were awakening by the harsh reality of the war.

Moreover there is a social and historical reason as our film also relates to noir-genre. Noir is a French word meaning Black. Film noir are films with dark content, usually having scenes with dark lighting producing long shadows and claustrophobic atmosphere which emerged after World War II during the 1940s. This can also be noticed in German expressionism as German film directors like Lang and Murnau used light and shadow, and very low key lighting to emphasize the shadowy aesthetic. The theme tends to be dark, underlining a sense of the darker side of human nature and crime. German expressionism was inspired at the time of the Nazi and their control over Germany.

The setting for our movie is in a suburban area where a lot of people can identify with. There will be park scenes which the audience can also recognise as the park is a place where people go with their friends and family to sunbathe, walk the dog, make a picnic and have fun with friends and family. And to have a pretty woman in the park, walking her dog one morning, looks innocent but later its revealed dangerous; this will raise tension for the audience. The season in most horror films is typically in autumn. Reason being is that autumn weather illustrates the end of something good and the beginning of death as the leaves die away from the trees. This is a good connotation as this period is a terrible beginning for the victims.   In the film Halloween the final girl is walking towards her house with wind blowing through her hair, and leaves falling. This shot is recognised in some horror film scenes and is known as an iconography. Iconography is like mise en scene, where some certain objects and colours have connotations of a deeper meaning such as red has connotations of passion, anger, danger and even sexual acts. Iconography can be identity in our trailer film as Holly mostly wears black. She wants to be in the background and not noticed and she is odd amongst her peers.

The storyline of our synopsis relates to the film ‘Psycho’ as it involves having a mentally disturbed person who was damaged from a young age and later on grew up psychologically unstable. Our synopsis is illustrating that issues from the past must be tackled immediately as if it is left for long, one will grow up unstable. There is also a sexual message suggesting not only should girls protect their virginity, also men need to, as we live in a corrupt society where a guy will be praised for sleeping with countless girls, however a girl will be called all sorts of ugly names and put to shame for doing the same act.

CHARACTERS IN HORROR FILMS

TIME LINE of SYNOPSIS

TIME LINE ON "THE KISS OF DEATH" TRAILER

FOR CLOSE READING PLEASE CLICK ON THE IMAGE

DRAG ME TO HELL TRAILER ANALYSIS

http://youtu.be/EFUYdU76qss

 The first scene in the trailer is of a freeway suggesting the film will be based around a lot of people and a busy environment; unlike slasher films which are set in a suburban place where most of the audience can identify with. The first sight of our main character is a slim blond lady who is likely to be the subject of a victim typical to a horror film. She is driving a car portraying she is a working woman and independent. The next scene is of her and her manager having a conversation on a promotion position. The shoulder shot portrays her blouse which is not revealing, her attire comes against the male gaze theory which explains how media portrays women as vulnerable weak through their appearance. However this young lady holds a secure job in the city, she drives and dresses sensible. Gustav Freytag is a German playwright and novelist who has done a study on the 5-act of dramatic tension layering out the theory in a pyramid. These five parts includes exposition, rising action, climax, falling action and revelation. According to the Freytag’s pyramid we have already seen the setting, location and the main character in just a few seconds of the trailer. In Freytag’s pyramid The Rising Action is a conflict that frustrates the main character as an old woman comes in the work place demanding for a mortgage in which she cannot pay for. The main character does not following her heart into giving the woman the mortgage but instead declines her from it. This shows that her work has taken over her life as she seeks for promotion.

As the scene changes, change in non-diegetic sound is heard. In the car park the main character is alone with just two cars. This implies she is very vulnerable in that situation in case she was to be in danger. The climax in Freytag’s pyramid is where things turn better or worse for the character and in this case it turns extremely frightening. Climax hit when the main character is being attached by the old lady in the previous scene. Close up is identified as the main character’s face is shown to be in horror by the old lady’s attack. The long shot is shown as the main character is being dragged out of her car by the old woman. This is also another connotation to why the title of the film could be “drag me to hell”. It is also unusual for a woman in horror movie to be the course of the killing and moreover to be an old lady with so much strength. Through this the audience can see that the old woman is supernatural in a sense or perhaps she has a demon within her. The conventions are twisted and subverted as the young lady who is meant to be naturally stronger then the much older woman is actually the victim and the weaker one. Furthermore the young lady known as Adrian Barraza is a total opposite to the old lady in the film. This is known as binary opposite introduced by Claude Levi- Strauss. Clause Strauss suggests that narrative can only end on a resolution of conflict, creating a conflict or opposition propels narrative. Opposition can be light/dark, or conceptual can be love/hate.

Diegetic sound is heard as the wind passes by almost slowing time when the old lady pulls a button from the main character’s coat holding it close to her face and the lighting hitting it as if it is a source of power. The low angle on the main character makes her seem inferior and vulnerable compared to the old lady. This shot fits in with the male gaze because even though the main character is independent in her life style and how she lives, she is still seen as weak and vulnerable physically.  
Suddenly from 1 minute 31 seconds in the trailer, the music fasten, there montage of short and sharp scenes including one with a demon outside the window who is shown as the aggressor. Now questions and tension raised and enigma code for the audience as to who is this demon? Or whether is the demon connected to the old woman in the car park. Moreover the house seems like a family raising more questions to whether they have links to the demon on the window. In the trailer near the ending there is a dialogue she has with a man telling her the demon will not leave her till “she burns in hell for eternity” this brings forward enigma code to whether she survives or not even though most horror film the blond girl dies.

Trailers follow the same pattern as a film. They have a beginning, middle and end. Tvzetan Todorov’s suggests narrative is simply Equilibrium when the character undergoes their daily routine in this case the blond lady is seen driving on a freeway to work with non-diegetic sound making the scene seem positive. Disequilibrium is when there is a disruption on the daily routine in this case the blond lady (Adriana Barraza) is being attacked by an old woman who she refused a mortgage earlier at work. now that the character has seen there is a disruption in her life she find means to solve the matter, and this is seen when Adriana Barraza is having a dialogue with a man who is explaining to her what is going wrong in her life and how to solve the matter. Furthermore there seems to be obstacles in the way for the solution to work. However New Equilibrium suggests that the solution has been found to the problem. Throughout the trailer the pace increases as the number of shots and flashes of light increases because of the dramatic climax in the film. The intense orchestra fastens the pace drawing in the audience to watch the film. There are no voice overs except for the dialogue she has with who seems to be the guy that could help her survive this torment, the old lady, her boyfriend and her manager.

The end of the trailer is when the typography “Drag me to hell” appears. Reminding the audience exactly what they have just seen in the trailer revolves around the name of the title. The word “hell” itself portrays torture and pain within film. The none-diegetic sound illustrate a sense of darkness and danger, demons tormenting the young lady, and the screaming of a female when the typography appeared at the end of the trailer suggests the genre of the film is none other than horror. Adrian Barraza is a famous actress and her being the main character will attract her fans to watch the film even if the trailer in itself may not have been so convincing and horrific.

The SIXTH SENSE trailer

The sixth sense is a horror film based in America, created for 16+ audiences with a basic trailer length of 2 minutes 20 seconds. There is a lot of camera work throughout the trailer. Long and mid shots are there to portray the surroundings of the scene. Close ups are portray the facial expressions on the main characters faces, and zoom-ins allows the camera to focus on particular characters. There is a low angle on door subjecting to the audience about to jump out.

Sound is very important in all sorts of media especially trailers. Music and sound in trailer allows the audience to catch the genre of the film itself. In the sixth trailer sirens are heard, a connotation of danger. Also the dialogue of the boy in the trailer is so innocent and frightened that the audience is drawn to that and sympathise with him. This is evident as he speaks to his mum about the accident telling her the woman that was hit by the car is standing right next to his window although the audience and the mother herself cannot witness this unnatural situation. The ending of the trailer consists of scenes that dramatically change in a quick and snappy transitions with flash of light, a fast pace rhythm, sounding like a heartbeat, illuminating the boy’s fearful emotions within the trailer. Most trailers happen to have a three-act structure similar to a full length film at the beginning starting with a scene that gives the audience an idea of the story. For example the young boy having dialogue with his mother through the first scene of the trailer telling her he sees dead people and they speak to him. This demonstrates to the audience that the young boy has supernatural powers and such things are not normal in that world as his mother did not believe him at first. Moreover Dialogue lines such as “I see dead people” half way through the trailer rises tension and suspension for the audience, and it is also introducing us to the characters and narrative.

The flaring of flame in the first shot warns the audience of danger, setting a negative tone. Furthermore, the floating of the red balloon in the middle of spiral stair cases is connotation the young boy’s curiosity and the discovering dangerous things. The non-diegetic gives us an awareness that as he walks up the stairs with curiosity to explore the big house, he will encounter something dangerous and open doors to danger in his life. The trailer also shows him in class being the odd one out, illustrating his is an outsider, a different child from his classmates. Even in the hospital the young boy is not safe. There seem to be nowhere to hides setting a horrific genre within the trailer through tension and narrative. No friends to talk to and his mother seem to find him strange except from the man (Bruce Willis) in the trailer he seems to be around with. The girl under the hospital bed allows the audience to see her just the way the boy is seeing her in the trailer. This shows the boy has nowhere to hide. Even a hospital which has mise en scene for being a place of healing and safety, these dead people seem to be able to find him.

Editing is seen through smooth fades in traffic seen to illustrate the length of the traffic. Quick flashes of light and darkness after each camera shot to demonstrate the rapid and danger of the situation the little boy is into. The second act is the dramatic climax from the film is shown through the trailer as the boy seems to be going through a petrifying stage in his life and things must be done quickly to prevent him for hurting so the pace of the music and shoots increase to emphasize this. The third act is the few last seconds of the film as it has powerful orchestra illustrating the emotional moments of the film and through this the audience is drawn into watching the film. In this trailer the only voice over heard is mostly of the boy and the dialogue he has of the man (Bruce Willis) and his mother. The voice of the little boy draws the audience in as his voice is so sweet and innocent adding sympathy from the audience as he seems to be haunted by ghosts. There no hardly captions as the dialogue placed in the trailer explains all the audience need to know about the film from a trailer.

The editing, sound, mise en scene and the fast heartbeat pace of the trailer makes the audience nervous but curious. Also the clear plot works well as it does not give away too much. Just through this short trailer the audience is able to depict the film genre, which is horror, they also learn what the film is roughing about (a young boy that can see the dead) and the narrative of the film is that he is a scared lonely boy going through a traumatic stage in his life with no friends or parents to support him except for this man (Bruce Willis) who seems to be his only companion.

HALLOWEEN 1978 Trailer

Music is a big key in the trailer of Halloween. Non-diegetic sound is immediately heard as the first image we see is of a house in what is seen as a safe and recognisable neighbourhood. We are now taken into a home where a scream is heard and the camera is wearing a mask, holding a knife. This is an awkward position for the audience as the point of view shot makes the audience seems guilty for the crime that has just been committed. Non-diegetic sound is heard through the loudness of the piano and diegetic sound is heard through the screaming. When we are taken outside the house, a hand held camera is used and played as a character. This leaves the audience confused as they later find out the killer was a little boy. The confusion on the boy’s face is the same confusion the audience are feeling and enigma codes are raised to how could a little boy who seems so innocent can committed such a tremendous crime.

The caption then appears with the word “Halloween” with a voice over reading it as it comes on the screen. This is to reinforce the title of the film and that the film is based on the day of Halloween. An older man is then seen giving out a dialogue to the audience, implying a sense of narrative that the boy is not of a normal nature. The dialogue of the older man who seems to be the benefactor in this slasher film warns the audience of the danger in this boy who has now become a man and has escapes. The next scene is of three friends walking in a suburban area coming from school as one of them hold they’re books, and they stop to look behind, suggesting someone was following them or something had just happened out of their knowledge.

Non-diegetic sound is well played in this trailer as the actions of the characters speeds up, the orchestra also speeds up creating dramatic tension. Diegetic sound is heard through dialogue of the benefactor explaining the mad man on the loose. And also the voice over portrays a sense of horror through his deep voice as he narrates the trailer. Moreover the screaming of the victim is a woman, who happened to get away from the monsters attack. Her strength is fighting him off shows she has a better chance of surviving then the other characters seen in the trailer. She is not feminine and does not resemble the male gaze theory of women being portrayed vulnerable and weak in media through their physical representation but rather she is masculine and tough, making it easier for the male audience can identify with her.

There is also a sense of binary opposite through the surviving girl and the monster. Claude Levi-stauss introduces the theory of binary opposite when he looked at narrative structure and set of opposite values. An example would be good and bad, and in this case the monster seems to be the villain in this film and the surviving girl (Lorrie) is the good person. The monster is typically a man as men are seen strong and powerful bringing a sense of hierachy, and the victim is a woman who is seen as weak and vulnerable by society but Lorrie proves other-wise and manages to escape him.

A close up camera shot of the benefactor is emphasized as he speaks suggesting he is of importance to the film which helps to build tension and suspension creating enigma code of what importance he might have to the film or if he will be one of the heroes. The shots of the woman in the car being attacked, most likely by the little murderous boy who later grew up and escaped his mental institution, as the dialogue and shots reflects to this scene, he is seen as capable of harming anything without mercy. The murderous ma’s face is not shown, raising enigma to who this man really is? And why his face is kept in the dark. However by doing so, this allows the audience’s imagination to run as wild as they would like in image for themselves the kind of vicious person he might be? From that shot to having girls walk with her friends through a suburban streets and one the girls head turning back as if she heard something suggests to the reader that this monster is out to get her and her friend and that she is not safe.

The shock that the killer disguise himself into wearing a white sheet pretending to be the sexual active girl’s boyfriend is very sneaky. As the sexual active girl does not seem scared but rather comfortable, dramatic irony is raised for the audience know the man behind the sheet is not her boyfriend but rather the man that is about to take her life. At this point the audience may feel hopeless as they are incapable of warning her.

Although there is not so much editing such as flash, or quick pace in changing scenes, the non-diegetic sound, and the steady pace enables the audience to catch he narrative and the plot of the story without giving out more than it should about the movie itself.

BURIED (poster analysis)

DARK WATER (poster analysis)

PARANORMAL ACTIVITY (poster analysis)

EMPIRE (magazine front cover analysis)

GOREZONE (magazine front cover anlysis)

LITTLE WHITE LIES (magazine front cover analysis)

REPRESENTATION in THE KISS OF DEATH

Representation is one of the key elements that make a great at film successful and original. We have taken into consideration that our target audience have expectations to the codes and conventions of a horror film. We have therefore applied all the necessary iconography and semiotics to produce a meaningful trailer with correspondence to mise en scene.

In slasher films, or any horror films, there is always some sort of monster who comes to disrupt a normal routine for a group of people or person. This is evident in horror films such as ‘Drag me to hell’ as the young lady has a routine of going to work, meeting her boyfriend and attending family matters. However during one of her normal days terrible things began to happen to her. This sense of equilibrium is seen in all types of horror films. The monster in our trailer is a school girl. We have broken the codes and conventions to make the film more exciting and unpredictable for our viewers as it is common to always have the monster being played by a male role. This is seen in films such as ‘Halloween’ and ‘Prom Night’. Monsters are usually played by the male role because the monster is usually sexually deprived, trying to take the virginity off the final girl who is sensible and mousy by trying to kill her. The final girl is usually masculine structured so that the male audience could identify with her. The monster in our trailer is called Holly. She is presented as the final girl on a quest to take revenge for all the hurt she has been caused by the popular and loud kids in school. Formulaic is presented as Holly is mousy and sensible setting the codes and conventions of a slasher film. However there is a sense of subversion as the final girl becomes the monster. 

Her characteristics can be identified by the theory of Femme Fatale (Deadly Woman). This theory came about the 1930s when women began to demand equal rights in society and homes. Femme fatale was women who dressed and looked beautiful and pleasing to the male’s eyes. She was seductive, mysterious and dangerous. However she was the reason why so many men would leave their marriage behind. She was the reason why so many men would fall into debt s; throughout all the down falls femme fatale always left the scene uncaught.  This is evident to ‘A Kiss of Death’ as Holly begins to grow up looking beautiful and sexually deprived. When she gets hurt by her boyfriend, that almost seems like it is the last straw and she strikes losing her mind and killing everyone who have affected her in a terrible way. In our synopsis Holly does not get caught. At the end of the storyline she escapes from the mental institution. This is also evident in the film Halloween when the ‘boggey man’ escapes from where he landed falling from a bedroom window. Moreover theories suggest women are as bad as monsters we see on screen, this is apparent in the film Alien when the monster comes close to the woman terrifying her and the camera shots them in the same angle suggesting they are equal. Freudian Psycho analysis brings forward the theory of pre-oedipal space. The transition from the pre-oedipal space to the ‘symbolic’ is a Freudian concept. It forms the ideas of mulvey’s Male Gaze and Barbara Creed’s monstrous feminine. Creed suggests “the female as castrated male becomes the female as castrator, period. Although psychoanalysis never really gives full justice to the social, political and artistic subtleties of any film, it does seem best served by the horror film.” This theory connects with our trailer as Holly is literally the final girl who has emerged into a monster.

In her essay ‘Visual pleasure and Narrative Cinema’ Laura Mulvey argued that the spectator (and therefore the cinema) is male and drives visual pleasures from a dominant, voyeuristic perspective. She named this, ‘The Male Grace’. She argued that cinema inevitably puts the viewer in a masculine position, with the figure of the woman on a screen as the object of desire. We have taken this theory and applied it to our trailer by the way Holly is dressed. We are not supporting the vulnerability of women in the media but understand that the way anyone is dressed can create a stereotype immediately. As Holly is female monster rather than a sexual deprived male monster, she is dressed in a small and short black dress with torn tights, red lipstick and school uniform to represent her sexual deprivation nature. There is a sense of sexual perversion as her school uniform is tight and revealing drawing in the older generation into the film as some adults find it pleasurable to dress in school uniform and kinky nurse outfits etc at dress up parties.  Not only does she have the power in the film, she also has the power when she draws the audience in by her attire. She is masculine so the male audience can identify with her. She is not wearing heals or dolly shoes as they are feminine footwear. However she is wearing military boots giving her a sense of masculinity.

Ethnicity within the character role was not considered as an issue. We just used whatever character we could find to help us with our trailer. However seeing the final girl’s image was very important, we had to put into consideration that as much as she is a killer, she had to have the body structure of a final girl, being a bit masculine with dark hair. Furthermore, as I have watched a number of horror films, I have noticed that the final girl is of the White race, so as a group with thought it would be appropriate to stick to the codes and conventions in that area. The victim’s race was not an issue. We had a white boy in a hoodie. In addition the conspiracy was brought up that if we had a black boy in a hoodie, stereotypes would rise in what society already think about black boys in hoodies suggesting is into crimes etc compared to a white boy in a hoodie.

Montage editing is the meaning created between the juxtaposition. This is apparent when the face of Holly is seen in one shot and a flash of light coming on bringing us to the next shot of a victim running for their lives. Although the audience does not see Holly chasing the victim, it is obvious her emotionless face is demonstrated towards the victim.

Sound is important in any trailer as it brings the trailer to life. In our trailer we do not have any dialogue, just music and voice over. The voice over would be of a man with a deep voice to create dramatic tension for the audience. The shots will be in pace with the music. At the beginning the shots will come in slowly along with the music, and the pace will increase throughout the whole of the trailer. The music will be inspiring and emphasis of horror to inspire and encourage the audience to watch the whole film. 

Camera work is very important in the trailer; most of the time the camera will be firm on the tripod. However handheld camera will be in motion when the victim is being chased by Holly positioning the spectator in active monster role e.g. when the victim is being chased the camera places the audience in a complicit way.

APPLYING THEORY TO "THE KISS OF DEATH" (GROUP TRAILER)

Applying theory to “The Kiss of Death” (group trailer)

  “The Kiss of Death” is a trailer that has broken a few codes and conventions found in slasher/horror films. The reason being was to be original and not make our trailer so predictable, however the theories that can be applied to horror films can still be found in our trailer.  

Narrative is very significant in story telling as narrative is the form in which events taken place are put together to present to the audience. Narrative is analysed by through technical code such as lighting, editing, sound, design and layout, shot framing and composition and camera angles and movement. In “The Kiss of death” the bullies who harass Holly have low angle camera shot to portray they are looking down on Holly as she seem worthless to them. The lighting is dim and melancholy even in broad day light the clouds are grey giving this film a dark atmosphere. Verbal code allows the audience to understand what the film is about. In the trailer we have decided to have a male voice over with a deep voice containing authority, allowing the audience to be drawn into the trailer and their own conclusion of the trailer. Mise en scene is very important in our trailer as it tells a lot about the characters. This is evident as when Holly wears dark clothing during her murderous scheme; her hair is all disorganized suggesting she is not mentally stabled. Her black skirt is short illustrating there is a sense of sexuality in her. Her appearance is supported by the Male Gaze theory explaining how women are portrayed in the media as vulnerable and weak through their clothing and their seductive appearance. Although Holly may carry some of these connotations, in the way she dresses as she becomes bitter with the men in her life, she however holds the connotation of femme fatale in film Noir. Femme fatale is a French word for “deadly woman”. Femme fatale came out after the Second World War where women were obliged to leave their jobs as the men came back for them. Meanwhile they noticed they too were capable of doing what the men could. Furthermore, film noir presented femme fatale as an attractive woman, seductive, sexual allure but dangerous in order to achieve her hidden agenda where in most cases the men found themselves to be a subject of death, or losing their homes and family. Moreover Holly has some of the characteristics of Femme fatale as she gets revenge by killing men for how she has been treated all her life by girls at school, her drunken mother, her abusive father and now her cheating boyfriend.

Russian theorist by the name of Tvzetan Todorov suggests that all narrative follow a three way structure. Firstly everything is balanced and this is called equilibrium until something comes in the way to disrupt that equilibrium which then becomes disequilibrium (beginning middle and end). However there must be a resolution to this and that’s where new equilibrium comes in. “The Kiss of Death” follows this narrative structure. Holly is a normal child but just unfortunate in how life has turned out for her. Her daily routine is that she goes to school in the morning, but unfortunately she gets bullied at school as she is not sociable and not into boys, make up and parties like the other girls in her year group. When she gets home her mother does not give her the attention she deserves as she’s on drugs, having men around the house and a drunken. Her father runs away with a hooker a couple of years back. The disequilibrium is when she matures, begins to get involve with the wrong type of friends and gets a boyfriend. She becomes obsessive over him and mise en scene is portrayed through the trailer as she’s talking to the boyfriend called Freddie and on the wall she has pictures of him, messages such as “my Freddie forever” and heart shapes and flowers. Eventually she finds out he is cheating and goes out to seek revenge by killing him and everyman that comes close to her as by this time she is a very attractive young lady. To solve this issue, Holly must be stopped and the whole country is looking for her. When she is finally trucked down in the woods about to kill the “final boy”, Holly is caught and shot by the police. At this point she is not dead but in a mental institution. After a while the doctors came back to check on her, but she is nowhere to be found. Holly has escaped and ready to strike again, this time with a new identity. Halloween the film inspired us to decide to let Holly live and escape the mental institution home in order to create enigma code as the boggy man escaped after the final girl battled for her life and survived. Todorov’s approach to this theory came from his studies of folk’s tale.

Furthermore Vladimir Propp being a Russian critic, he examined 100s of folk tale and recognised that in most of these tales he was able to identify 8 character role and 31 narrative functions. These characters are the villain, the hero, the donor (who provides an object with some magic property), the helper who aids the hero, the princess (the sought for person)- reward for the hero and subject of the villain’s schemes, her father- who rewards the hero, the dispatcher (who sends the hero on his way) and finally the false hero. Some of these characters are definitely found in all of narratives such as TV programmes, the newspaper, novels and some are found in my trailer. The villain in this case is Holly even though through equilibrium she is seen as the victim. There are no immediate heroes except for the police coming to rescue the “final boy” even though that’s the case; she escapes showing thing that she cannot be stopped even by the high authority being the police. Moreover in slasher films the final girl is usually nerdy, with brown her, virginal and obedient. The monster represents sex and his weapon portrays his penis. The first girl to get killed is usually a blond girl who is sexually active. The representation of this narrative is to give awareness to teenagers to cherish their virginity and put their heads in their books or they would turn out like the blond girl. Moreover my group and I changed the codes and conventions and have switched the roles. The monster in this case is an angry young girl who is sexually repressed but shocks the audience by using her seductive appearance to drive men to her and later she murders them through anger and disappointment through her own life. She is not sexually repressed because it is something she likes doing, however she uses that element to attract the men to her. There is no obvious benefactor in this film however when Holly was in school her teacher was always there comforting her, advising her to take the right path. Moreover the benefactor would therefore be the helper who aids the hero according to Propp’s theory. The reason why we decided to have a female blond killer was to bring awareness to men who are sexually active as society will look down on a sexual active girl and think of her as a damaged hoe, however a sexual active male would be praised and patted on the shoulder for having some many girls. This show how ill and deprived our society is.

In the 4^th century BC Aristotle decided that ‘all drama is conflict’, moreover in the 20^th century Claude Levi- Strauss looked at narrative structure in terms of binary opposition. Binary opposition is recognised in horror/ slasher films such as “good Vs evil, and virginal Vs sexually repressed still exist. Character types are still constant; the binary opposition good Vs evil still supplies the horror genre with monsters and heroes. Social themes are probably the most constant variation in horror films today. Social themes are based on society’s fears at the time of the movies creation, so the themes are based on the era of production. Horror genre is a consistent genre, viewers know what to expect when seeing a horror movie, yet it is still a genre which draws audiences, as viewers still can’t "resist the Aristotelian compulsion to ‘open the door, and show what is behind it" Cook, Pam. The Cinema Book (1985), New York, Pantheon Books, Page 102. In addition the binary opposite within my trailer is monster (being female) Vs victim (being male), dark Vs light, right Vs wrong and revenge Vs forgiveness.

Furthermore Pam Cook gives a description of American film from “4 defining pictures of American Cinema”; the first one being, ‘A linear narrative of cause and effect within an overall trajectory of enigma resolution’. Through this quote I understand that for my film to be affect there must be a story that goes in a straight line allowing something to happen in a film causing something else to happen. The path that the narrative takes is important as there has to be a puzzle where it is then solved enforcing a happy ending to the film. In this case Holly has been pushed around by everyone in her life to such an extent where it mentally deprives her and she loses control by killing everyman that shows interest in her or anyone that has hurt her before. However this disequilibrium will therefore be mended ‘As there will be a high degree of narrative closure’ this implies that all the loose ends will be tide at the end when Holly is taken at the mental institution home when the doctor’s finds out what caused her to kill and where the anger and bitterness had come from. Moreover cook goes on to suggest “A centrality of the narrative agency of psychologically rounded characters”. Through this quote, Cook goes to explain that even animation films always tend to have a recognisable human character such as “Finding Nemo” as it is consistent with this institutional mode of representation. Finally the fourth picture of American Cinema is when “A fictional world governed by spatial and temporal versimitude”. The film has a made up world but real for that play. This is evident in Star Wars when sound is heard even though scientifically there is no sound in space, also when the characters walk in spaceships. However in reality there is no gravity in space.

Roland Barthes was a professor of the 1950s and 1960s. His job was to unravel text and explain how he did so. Barthes describes a text as "a galaxy of signifiers, not a structure of signified; it has no beginning; it is reversible; we gain access to it by several entrances, none of which can be authoritatively declared to be the main one; the codes it mobilizes extend as far as the eye can read, they are indeterminable...the systems of meaning can take over this absolutely plural text, but their number is never closed, based as it is on the infinity of language..." (S/Z - 1974 translation). This basically suggests that you can unravel a text in infinite number of times and get different meaning each time. This is evidence as Holly’s actions can be seen as pure evil or a young girl that needs to be rescued from her dark past. It therefore becomes up to the individual audience to have sympathy on her or see her as the enemy. Moreover these threads Barthes suggests are called narrative codes which are Action/proiarectic code which refers to the actions taking place, enigma code when questions are being raised by the audiences. Symbols & Signs refers mise en scene, Points of Cultural Reference and Simple description/reproduction.

How did you use media technologies in the construction, research, planning and evaluation?

Technology was very useful in the process of our trailer making, the poster and the magazine. Technology such as the computer was used in the process of producing online survey for quantitative data from our target audience. I was able to create questions for them on the PC to answer. When I got the results I used excel to create graphs from every question answered that way I was able to compare and understand my target audience fully. Without Microsoft word and Excel I would have to approach the target audience with a face to face interview which could make them feel uncomfortable with some questions about illegal downloading. They may therefore not give me the necessary and honest answer in case they think a favourable answer might impress me as the interviewer.












The internet was useful in looking at other trailers, magazines and poster and analysing them to understand the codes and conventions of these media content. Through deeper and further research analysing all three content I was able to understand the process of making a trailer, magazine and poster to appeal to my target audience. The Gorzone magazine gave me ideas on how to construct my own horror magazine by having limited chorus which are dark reds and black as they have connotations of death and horror, simple fonts and eye catching centred image. Without the internet it would have been difficult to do research to understand our task more. Everything we have produced a computer was involved. All the writing we did was through Microsoft words, the pictures of front cover magazines and posters which I analysed were from the internet. We could not even film our trailer without the video camera provided by our school. The sound recorded and used we needed a studio for that and that was very useful as it rose up the scale of professional editing for our trailer.  At school we used editing software called serif which allowed us to add special effects in out trailer such as cutting unnecessary scenes, change the colour of a shot, speed up a scene and so forth.

Planning was very useful before starting our trailer. We had to use paper story boards with music to understand the form and shape of the trailer. The story boards helped us to know what needed to be done, what scenes needed to be shot and getting the right equipment and right angle when filming. Through the storyboards we were able to get the right clothing on certain days and the right actors. Call Sheets were also useful in the process of keeping everyone in the group informed on the filming schedule. 

 At the early stages of our filming the weather was against us. it was freezing cold, dump and wet and occasionally it will rain. Our actor's were very sympathetic and determined to do the job well done by not complaining but going ahead with the shooting through freezing weather. In this shot i am filming a victim (Harry) running away from the killer Holly (Rose).

 The actors had to repeatedly redo the same scene over and over again to get the right shot when we began to edit. it was time consuming but worth it in the end. this photo is of Holly looking into the camera to kiss the lens as shown in the trailer. the actor Rose was slightly nervous but she enjoyed every minute of it.

 one of the best things about filming the trailer was the make up we had to use. it was interesting seeing how effective a few fake blood can look so conviencing when recorded. Harry was one of the victims in the trailer and a member of our group. the make up looks realistic and eye catching creating a sense of horror. this is a good affect for our trailer as it shows we considered every detail in our filming and wanted the best result. although we are not professional actors and directors we aimed to look the part.

 This is me in the recording studio recording sound effects to go with out trailer. I recorded a few dialogues and sound of kissing which was interesting. It was a bit nervous but enjoyable at the same time as it felt as if this was a real movie we have been working towards for so long.

This is my media teacher who helped us with the voice over as he certainly does have a nice masculine voice for a voice over to build tension and excitment for the audience whilst watching the trailer.

THESE CALL SHEETS WERE ABLE TO INDICATE TO US THE LOCATION OF THE SHOOTING, PROPS, WHO WILL BE ATTENDING ETC. THIS WAY WE WERE ABLE TO STAY FOCUSED AND TUNE WITH THE WORK MAKING SURE ALL THE SHOOTING FOR THAT DAY AND THAT PARTICULAR SCENE WAS DONE. 

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Before creating the magazine I went about to create three silhouettes of the front cover magazine in different colours. This way I was able to select and choose on the appropriate colour scheme. I also got some helpful criticism from my fellow class members who advised me to select the silhouette with the colours black, red and white. These colours has connotation of danger, horror and blood to reflect the kind of mood I am trying to create for the horror film fans.  

Serif Photoshop was extremely useful in creating the magazine and poster. I was able to crop, enhance and level up colour tone of the centred image, air-brush and changing the back group of the centred image. Serif made creating the magazine much easier and quicker. Moreover I was able to add text to emphasize the codes and conventions of a magazine. I did not include other images of featured stories on the front cover as I wanted the centred image to dominate the magazine.

What have you learned from your audience feedback?

Before producing the trailer, as a group we needed to brain storm the genre of our film and the budget. Once that was placed in order I used a research method called quantitative data where I interviewed 5 females and 5 male teenagers on the subject of their general interest in film and their budget. I sent out copies of questions with optional answers for them to select their best answers. I made sure not to miss lead them with the questions hence why every question was optional with ‘others’ at the bottom. Some of the questions were ‘what are your parent’s occupations?’ this way I was able to estimate their parents income. Moreover questions such as ‘how do you watch films?’ helped me to learn how my target audience consume movies. I was able to find out I had a niche market for horror films, and most of the teenagers were capable to attend the cinema every fort night from the pocket money they receive from their parents, some received EMA from the government and others had part time paid work. With the information I used, I turned them into graphs to help me understand my results and to work according to it. My aim was to give the audience a new experience from watching this horror film. I wanted it to be what they wanted but also with a twist to blow their mind so we decided to break some of the codes and conventions of horror films example by having a female killer rather than a typical sexual deprived male.

After showing our target market our trailer we had some positive feedback. The majority of the people would be glad to see it which boosted our confidence level. They corresponded well with the narrative and the broken codes and conventions of a horror film. They wanted something different and they got something different. Some people appreciated the make-up on Holly as she looked the part making the trailer realistic and interesting. After showing them the trailer I went about showing them my poster and front cover magazine. The feedback were encouraging as they said it was easy to recognise the trailer, poster and magazine belonged together as the combination was obvious by using Holly as the sale point of the media text. I asked them if they would see it and they said they would. I asked for any criticism the most I got was if we had some form of dialogue amongst the characters. The feedbacks were very useful and supportive as people were positive about the film in general. It’s a huge success to know all the hard work has not gone to waist and there are is an audience out there who are interested in watching our film.

Through this experience I have learned that film making is not as easy as it is when I sit down watching it. There is a lot more going on behind closed doors before paying for the tickets to watch it at the cinemas. Dedicated people, film lovers and the whole crew working on the set put all their time and energy to entertain the audience by film making. This experience has helped me to appreciate films a bit more than I did. It is now upsetting to know that people still illegally download movies off the internet when so many people put so much effort into making them for people to pay and watch. Not only is it time consuming making films, it is also costly; paying all the actors,  crew members and the crew members is not an easy job but it becomes worth it when people take the time to go to the cinema to appreciate it or rent a DVD. Making a 2 minute trailer was definitely difficult I personally cannot imagine even making a whole 2 hour film.

Moreover it would be upsetting if the audience did not appreciate it as the work went into pleasing them. However the audience of the film is limited as the rating of our film is a 15. We did not want to raise it to 18 as we might be losing some target audience paying for the film as they could not watch it in the cinemas and instead watching it online. However by having a 15 rating we were limited to the amount of explicit scenes we could add. We had to keep in mind with the hypodermic syringe model. This is a theory that explains the effect in which people have when they watch certain films which involve violence and sex encouraging them to commit crimes. An experiment by Bandura and Walters (1963) was taken out called the ‘Bobo Doll’ where children were left in a room on their own with a doll after just watching adults on the television screen violating it. The children did the same thing to the doll. Some critics dismissed this experiment and results as they believed the children reacted in such manner as they were trying to impress the experimenters. The assumption of the experiment was that children learn through conditioning. Good behaviour is rewarded, and this is reinforced by seeing positive adult role models. Marie Messenger Davies wrote a book called ‘Television is good for kids’ (1989). In her book she explains how television helps with literary skills, children are able to understand through visual narrative, editing conventions, etc; improved memory of events due to visual aids, which also stimulate imagination; involving social games and acquisition of knowledge. Moreover children’s response to the media varies according to social group membership such as family, race, class and gender.

The media in doubt is a very persuasive driving force in our society. From the very beginning of the First World War, propaganda served a right purpose in getting the audience interacting with politics. In our society now persuasion is through the media used by radio, posters, magazines, cinema, billboards and television. There is a great advantage as these are useful tools for my trailer to be noticed and recognised by the audience. Media should not be seen as an all power-full force working directly to isolate the audience. In 1960s there emerged the views that audience are active in the way they interpret media content. Audience interpret the media differently depending on their background, upbringing and social group. James Halloran’s (1970) “we must get away from the habit of thinking in terms of what the media do to people and substitute for it the idea of what people do with the media”. This suggests there should be more concentration on what meanings and interpretations are produced and in what way are the media received. This issue forms the concept of reception theory Katz and Blumer (1974) had a discussion with a group of people to find out why the audience consume the media. They came up with four main needs: diversion- a form of escape from the real world of pressure and life issues; personal identity- the ability to compare their lives and views with people in media; personal relationships- a way of interacting socially with their friends and a purpose of entertainment; surveillance- wanting to know more about the world and what is going on around us such as the news and documentary shows. This theory of reasons why audience consume media content was therefore developed by Richard Dyers (1977) in relation to cinema and television entertainment.

Encoding and decoding are useful in understanding how the encoder (producers) can send out a message to the decoder (audience) and receive a similar view point or completely out of content. Stuart Hall identifies three types of audience decoding. A dominant hegemonic- position is established when the audience takes the full meaning of the content without any question; an negotiated position where there is a mixture of understanding the encoder and taking up their own meaning and interpretation; moreover an oppositional position is when the audience completely ignores the encoders point and they carry their own values and attitudes.

It is interesting to view audience positioning when they encounter media content. In the cinema some films would have a voice over to guide the audience through the story. At times the audience tend to know more than the characters but not so much as there have to be a limit in order to draw the audience in the film and to create dramatic irony. This is similar with magazine and newspaper front covers as they both create a sense of identity with the potential reader. With women magazines the front cover is usually an image of a white woman, usually young, smooth skin, groomed and smiling and seductive. The most important factor in these women magazines is the model’s gaze on the front cover. The gaze holds ‘you’ the reader and viewer. The gaze is not all about sexual attractions between men and women; the gaze suggests a steady, self-contained and a calm look. “She is the woman who can manage her emotions and her life. The woman suggests that inside the magazine there is a personal life, of emotions and relationship. This is a woman’s territory; Janic Winship (1987). This is true to my magazine as it has an image of a pretty white girl/woman. Although her aim is not to look like the woman other women would aspire to, she is still attractive with the gaze and her red lips stick. Her skin is smooth and her posture demonstrates she is a strong woman in herself. However this is something that woman would like to read about; other strong women just like them.

“The unity of a text lies in its destination not its origin” Eco, 1981. This famous quote suggests the writer’s intention of a message may be received differently by the audience. An active reader is someone that would imagine themselves in the position presented. Morley (1978) investigated how different groups of audience decode information from television and magazine. However Hall’s encoding-decoding failed as there were additional social variables such as gender and ethnicity. Various studies has shown that men like to watch real life shows such as the news, documentaries and sports whilst women are driven by the emotional story lines and narrative films and soaps. With ‘A Kiss of Death’ I have combined action and emotion for both men and women to enjoy the film. Holly has a masculine built on body for men to identify with her although she is capable of being full on feminine. The narrative is emotional through the emotional childhood Holly had to endure; this is to draw the women in the film.

In horror films the first person to die is usually a blond sexually active girl and the monster is usually a man with a mask who is sexually deprived and determined to kill the final girl. The representation of the blond girl dying first suggest young girls should be more interested in their education rather than boys and partying or they will pay the consequences. The final girl usually has brown hair, masculine, shy and virginal and she survives suggesting this is the way young girls should behave and they will survive any evil out there. The monster trying to kill the final girl with the knife is an implication of a penis trying to penetrate in her. However he does not succeed and the final girl survives. However in A kiss of Death Holly is seen as the final girl at the beginning, all shy and virginal with dark hair and masculine breaking the codes and conventions. The unexpected happens and the final girl turns into the monster killing everyone that has done her wrong. She is also sexually deprived in order to get her own way. The ideology of breaking the codes and conventions are to show that it is not only men that can be sexually deprived and dangerous to the opposite sex, men too have to consider their virginity as much as the pressure is on the girls and their purity should also matter as girls can too be dangerous in many ways if not giving them sexual transmitted disease or distract them from their education. The text is definitely challenging and judging the roles of gender and age. Notice that Holly is still a school girl suggesting age does not matter in this case and anyone can lose it in their head through the struggles of the life. This also shows that young kids are sexually active which is dangerous for them as it takes them places they don’t want to go and see things they do not want to see as kids. Although Holly has not got a penis in theory her knife is an emphasis of castration. The film/ trailer is basically promoting the dangers of sexual active teenagers and fighting against bullying and how it can lead the victim into anger and depression some even suicidal.

Moreover we live in a hegemonic society where we settle down for issues of our society which we do not agree with. Such as when we watch teenagers in films getting drunk and having sex on television dramas such as Shameless, we tend to agree and accept as it is part of our society although those are not our general morals. As a producer I cannot be factual on how the audience will interpret my media text as every audience is different according to their social norms, cultural values, individual morals, ethnicity and gender. Some may understand the moral behind the story or purity and others may think it is normal for teenagers to be sexually active as ‘everyone does it anyway’. Some understanding may be different due to the understanding linked to the cultural experiences and the background of the audience.

                                                                                                  

THE TRAILER HAS BEEN PUT UP ON YOUTUBE TO GET FEEDBACK FROM YOUTUBE USERS . ALTHOUGH WE DO NOT HAVE ANY COMMENTS YET, WE ALREADY KNOW THAT OVER HUNDRED PEOPLE HAVE WATCHED THE TRAILER AND HAVE LIKED WHAT THEY HAVE SEEN GIVING US GREAT JOY AND SATISFACTION THAT THE AUDIENCE ARE HAPPY WITH THE HORROR TRAILER WE HAVE CREATED FROM SCRATCH. 

IN ORDER TO GET MORE YOUTHS AND OUR TARGET AUDIENCE INTERESTED IN THE FILM AND TO RECEIVE CRITICAL CRITICISM OF OUR ADVANCED MEDIA PRODUCT, WE ENCOURAGED THE MAJORITY OF THE STUDENTS IN OUR SIXTH FORM TO COME ALONG AND WATCH THE TRAILER ON A WIDE SCREEN TELEVISION IN THE COMMON ROOM VIA YOUTUBE. AS THE PICTURE SHOWS WE HAD A POSITIVE OUTBURST OF PEOPLE COMING INTO THE COMMON TO SUPPORT OUR HARD WORK. WE SAT EVERYONE DONE GIVING THEM A PIECE OF PAPER TO ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS ON FROM THE A4 PAPER. THIS WAY WE WERE ABLE TO COLLECT OUR QUALITATIVE DATA.

THE PERSON THAT FILLED IN THESE QUESTIONS SEEM TO OF LIKED THE TRAILER  AS HE ENJOYED WATCHING THE TRAILER GIVING ME A CLOSE IDEA THAT IF IT WAS A FILM HE WOULD HAVE WANTED TO WATCH IT. HE LIKE THE 'EDITING' AND THE 'MUSIC' AS IT LIKED WELL WITH THE ACTIONS. HOWEVER HE WOULD LIKE US OF HAVE ADDED MORE GRAPHIC SCENE. THIS PERSON SOUNDS LIKE S REAL HORROR FANS AS HE SEEMS TO KNOW WHAT HE IS TALKING. AND FROM THIS PAGE I HAVE LEARNED THAT IF WE WERE TO MAKE ANOTHER HORROR FILM TRAILER, MORE ACTION OF DEATH, BLOOD AND GRAPHIC HORROR SHOULD BE ADDED TO DRAW IN THE AUDIENCE ATTENTION THROUGH OUT THE WHOLE TRAILER.

THE CANDIDATE FEELING IN THIS FORM ALSO SUGGESTED MORE HORRIFIC SCENES SUCH AS BLOOD SHOULD HAVE BEEN PORTRAYED IN THE FILM. AS MORE THEN ONE PERSON SEEMS TO BE SUGGESTING THIS VIEW, IT IS WISE TO PUT IT INTO CONSIDERATION FOR FUTURE REFERENCES. IT IS PLEASING TO KNOW THAT THEY TOO UNDERSTOOD THE PLOT AND STORY LINE OF THE FILM WHICH WOULD GIVE THEM A BETTER UNDERSTANDING IF THEY WERE TO WATCH IT IN THE CINEMAS OR ON DVD.

READING THESE ANSWERS TELLS ME THIS PERSON UNDERSTOOD THE STORY LINE AS HE WAS RIGHT IN SAYING IT IS ABOUT A GIRL WHO IS OUT SEEKING FOR 'REVENGE'. THIS PERSON ALSO STRESSES OUT THAT THE TEMPO OF THE MUSIC WAS TOO FAST FOR THE ACTIONS TAKING PLACE IN THE TRAILER. THIS IS EVIDENT WHEN ASKED WHAT COULD BE IMPROVED IN THE TRAILER AND S/HE SAYS "HIGHER TEMPO COULD HAVE BEEN DELAYED". ALTHOUGH I PERSONALLY DO NOT AGREE, IT IS WISE OF ME AS A PRODUCER TO GIVE THE AUDIENCE WHAT THEY WANT AS THEY ARE THE ONE PAYING FOR THE MERCHANDISE, DVD, AND CINEMA TICKETS.